Wet

Wet : Moureril is a species de plants à flowers in the family Malpighiaceae (from the same family of theacerola). Botanical name: Byrsonima crassifolia.
She's appreciated for its small fruit yellow heavily perfumed (aroma de fruit and cheese France).

Other names for moureiller:
En Guyana, it is known under the names of Prunier, Prunier savane, Coumaté, Morossif (Creole), Palãlã ka'a (Wayãpi), Mariuβra (Palikur*), Mule:i (Kali'na), Murici, Muruci (Portuguese).
We mention the names of Maurissi, Moureiller of Caribbean, Mouriller of the savannahs, Morissi in the West Indies, and Quinaquina as savannas in French.
Au Suriname, it is called Moeleidan, Moeréiran, Moeléi, Moerei, Moelehi (Carib), Hori, Hoelia, Horia (Arawak), Sabana kwarie, Moeli, Moeléi (Sranan tongo), Savanna kwarie (Dutch from Suriname), Sabana mango (Saramaka).
In Spanish, it goes by the names Chaparro peralejo (Spain), Crabo, Nancito, (Belize), Maricao cimarron, Peralejo blanco (Puerto Rico), Nance (Cuba, Panama), Nance blanco (Panama), Nanche (Mexico), Nancite (Nicaragua, Salvador), Nantze, Tapal (Guatemala), Savanna serette (Trinidad), Peralija (Colombia), Chaparro de chinche, Chaparro de sabana, Chaparro, Chaparro manteco, Manero, Manteco, Manteco sabanero (Venezuela), Indano, Nanci, Yoco, Chaparro, Maricas, Chaparro manteca, Chaparro de sabana, Marushi, Cimarron, Nancite, Changugo, Paralejo (in Spanish-speaking Amazonian countries).
In English: it's Golden spoon, Nance bark, Nance, wild cherry.
It is still called Cangica, Murici, Muruci, Murici-do-campo, Murici-da-praia, Murici-pitanga, Marajoara, Murici do campo au Brazil.

Description: Moureiller is a shrub or a small arbre height of (0,8–)1–8(–10) m, for 30 cm of diameter. The thump and ribs are more or less twisted, To the bark furrowed. The wood is enough heavy (density : 0,63-0,90) to 10 to 25 vessels per mm², rather small (90 to 130 µm) and with intervascular punctuations Finnish (5 to 6 µm). The boughs are thin (up to 3 mm of diameter), cylindrical, tomentose-reddish the ribs are cylindrical, hairless, gray, up to 5 mm diameter the internodes are long from 0,5 to 6 cm, often reduced toends as boughs the fur are in forms compass needle, with ribs almost straight or slightly flexible, long from 400 to 600 μm for 25-50 μm of diameter, on a slim " foot " long of 500-600 μm.
leaves are simple, opposite, whole the stipulate are long 2–3(–5) mm, completely smooth et known, velvety, persistent, thickand of forms oval ou oval-lanceolate the petioles are long 5–13(–25) mm, slightly hairy ou hairless. The limbus as leaf is size and forms variable, the most great measuring (3)6,5–11(–20) × (2)3–6,5(–15) ​​cm (L/1 = 1,5 to 2), of forms large elliptique, oval ou obovatein apex acute or more or less briefly acuminate ou slightly obtuse, based obtuse à slightly acute, slightly decurrent on the petiole, shiny on the dessus, coriaceous to cartaceous (which has theaspect du paper), hairy-reddish at the jeunes leaves, becoming hairless on top (except the long of the rib median), hairy à glabrescent belowin margin revolted. The rib median is slightly prominent on the dessus, heavily prominent en below. There are 7-10 pairs of ribs secondary, prominent , arched , margin the ribs tertiary are densely reticulated.
The inflorescence is a clusters (raceme) or a pseudo-clusters terminal, pedunculated, hairy-reddish, a from 4 to 12,5 cm, and carries many flowers the bracts et bracteoles (1-3 on peduncles long 0-4 mm) are forms linear-lanceolate, triangular ou oval, acute, lapsed when fruiting, long 1-3 mm, hairy withvideo shooting, almost glabrous withshooting the pedicels hairy are curved when fruiting, long 7-12 mm.
flowers are hermaphrodite, 1-2 cm diameter, color yellow turning au Red. The pedicel is hairy et long from 7 to 12 mm. The flower bud is ovoid, long 5 mm. The 5 sepals are from forms oval, long from 3 to 5 mm, hairless ou rarely slightly tomentose on do what higher (adaxial), trained ou slightly curved au sommet, wearing glands hairless, slightly oblong, and long from 2 to 3 mm. The 5 petals are from color yellow (becoming reddish), hairless, concave, forms orbicularis-reniformin margin almost full, measuring from 5 to 9 mm diameter, and carried by a handles a from 3 to 5 mm. The fifth petal is flattenedin slices irregular, and long 3 to 4 mm, devoid of glands. We count 10 stamens fertile, almost equal, exserted the netting are hairless (except at the basis), long 2-3 mm, barely connate , basis the anthers are from forms linear ou oblong, pilers, with little or a lot of fur spread out. The connective equals the lodges or exceeds them by up to 0,2 (–0,4) mm. Theovary is subglobose (almost globular), glabrous à densely tomentose the styles are curved au sommet (for the juveniles), hairless, too long them stamens.

Le fruits is a drupes globular, edible de flavor sour, green becoming yellow à maturity, 8–10 mm diameter (dried), glabrous ou slightly tomenteuse.exocarp little thick et fleshy surrounded un core (endocarp) round, woody warty ou corded, Split in 3 lodges.

Taxonomy : The moureiller is extremely variable in its aire de division, and is notably subject to hybridization with Byrsonima verbascifolia (these hybrid have some internodes elongated leaves short with petioles immense winged and small bracts).

According to GBIF (February 27, 2022), we recognize 2 forms in thespecies  Byrsonima crassifolia :
– Byrsonima crassifolia f. crassifolia
– Byrsonima crassifolia f. ferruginea Nied., 1901

Répartition : The moureiller has been present since the Mexico tropical until north of'South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay), passing through the West Indies.

Ecology : Moureril is a small arbre heliophile, resistant to fire, who shoot about savannas groves de savannas, forests secondary and on inselbergs (common about savannas au Venezuela, around 50–1 meters).
Il flowers et bear fruit almost all of itannée about savannas tall en Guyana.
The ecology, systems root, The sweat annual of the moureiller have been studied. Theexcessively. bywater Salt creates conditions anaerobic which delay theabsorption bywater about roots and cause a fall in the sweat at Meuriller's.
The role of the Ingredients lipid as flowers to wet in thelure as bees Centris (family of apidae).
We can multiply the wort by sowing seeds. Its cultural itinerary has been described.
La viability as seeds of moureiller has been studied.
fruits to mouiller present a great variations de quality (acidity du jus, solid soluble totals, color of the skin, size ).
Also some settings have been defined for facilitate la exclusive varietal.

Use : The moureiller is occasionally cultivated (semi-domesticated) for its fruits groceriesWithin orchards du North part du Brazil, especially in the Para.
fruits of the moureiller are sweet, astringents, rather acids et perfumed and are groceries, appreciated en central America and Brazil. They are traditionally consumed raw, sous forms de Juice refreshing the fruits are sold me on markets traditional du North part du Brazil, conditioned in bottles en PET, withwater (with or without sucre), and this retain so up to 40 days the fruits can also be processed de various manners : for some Creations savory (soupes ou garnish de meat), and for desserts, particularly the sorbets (thanks to his good Teneur en lipids). They are also traditionally macerated in the cachaça and to make liqueurs, or some drinks fermented (example : chicha du Panama).
La pulp represents 75% of the weight du fruit (64% of chair and 11% of skin edible also).
We find 10% ofoil in his seed and 20% in the pulp.
Also these fruits are equally used for produce a " butter " edible .
fruits are rich en carotenoids, Private en xanthophylls à forte activity antioxidant.

Plant tinctorial : The jus du fruit shiso to become wet Black inoxidant withoutdoors and is in use as colorant.
On extracts alsobark and Team fruits un colorant Brown clear, in use for dye the tissues en cotton au Guatemala.
En Guyana, among the Palikur (*), thebark to mow (several cash Peuvent être used) Is beaten, then updated macerate et left to rest in thewater Cold during an night. The liquid so that color Red is boiled up to thickening. We add it during this phase various adjuvants : leaves of cassava savage (Kiniki amatmadgene), clay gray, concretions earthy from the ants' nest-cassava, or urine.
Le colorant final, color black ou Red ou Brown according to'species, is used to dye longlines, pottery, sculptures en wood, benches and calabashes.
Creoles also use it for dye the calabashes.

Plant for tanning (**): Thebark astringent to mow contains between 10 and 25% of tannins powerful used for tanning (**).
^{(*) The Palikur are an indigenous people living in the north of the Brazilian state of Amapá and in eastern Guyana, where they are one of the six Amerindian ethnic groups of Guyana.}
(**) Tanning: set operations that we perform to skins raw to make leather, before the working (softening of the leather).

Plant ornamental : In some Countries bycentral America and Florida, to mow it down Byrsonima crassifolia is cultivated as plants ornamental for his beauty bloom yellow.

Note: From this section onwards, chemical, scientific or medical words will be explained in the highlight (index at the end of the article) and by numbering.

Plant medicinal : Meuriller is an antidiarrheal (1) used to fight against unrest gastro-intestinal (thanks to his Teneur en tannins) On central America.infusion bybark used to treat diarrhea (2) in native of the province of Lamas about forests altitude at Peru.
The bark and stem to mouiller present effects antibacterial on Salmonella typhi et Shigella flexneri, enterobacteria (3) pathogens the compounds withorigin these properties have been studied.
extracts de leaves andbark to mouiller present activities antifungal (4) in vitro (5) against certain champignons pathogens : Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes et T. rubrum.
The mouiller is used to preparing un remedy traditional against the disease from Chagas (6) to Guatemala: effects byextracts de leaves on the protozoan (7) trypanosoma cruzi (8) have been demonstrated in vitro (5) on its forms trypomastigotes (8) and epimastigotes (9).
The mouiller is used to treat cough (10) and bites of snake en central America, sore throats (11) or dysentery (12) in various regions tropical.
At the native of the province of Lamas about forests altitude at Peru bark to wet scraped et sprayed, East used as agent cauterizing (13) and hemostatic (14).
native byAmazon use the infusions or Decoction bybarkas an febrifuge, astringent, anti-inflammatory (16), expectorant and antidiarrheal (1), which could be linked to its Ingredients : alkaloid de type phenanthroindolizidine, various phenolic compounds, in addition to tannins and Team starches.
En Guyana Creoles of the region byIracoubo theemploy as cleanser et remedy effective ulcers. Thebark to wet macerated in thewater fresh during several hours, is a remedy Palikur (*) drunk against diarrhea (2) and Decoction bark sert to prepare a bath fatigue-relieving after childbirth women.
The plaster ofbark or the root used to heal wounds and burns among the Tiriyó (***).
(***) The Tiriyó, also known as Trio or Tarëno, are an Amerindian people native to Suriname and Brazil. They live along the banks of the Paru, Marapi, Tapanahoni, and Sapawilini rivers. This people speaks the Tiriyó language and has a population of approximately 2. They were converted to Christianity.

The bark is considered as tonic, febrifuge et effective against tuberculosis (15) in theAmazon Brazilian the properties anti-inflammatory (16) of this bark have been tested.
On markets on the the market de Manaus to mow it down (Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth) for a traitement against hemorrhoids (17) and as an anti-inflammatory (16).
The extracts its fruits contains phenolic compounds and present potential antioxidant in vitro (5), and effects protectors against toxicity of the peroxyl radical (18) on erythrocytes (19) humans.
The mouiller was in use en medicine traditional for the traitement of some maladies mental, probably in reason as flavonoids it contains.
A study evaluated its properties anxiolytics (20), anticonvulsants (21), antidepressants (22), sedatives, as well as its toxicity.
extracts de leaves present des effects secondary in rats: decreased motor activity, analgesia (23) light, back tone, enophthalmos (24), reversible eyelid ptosis (25), whitening ears, catalepsy (26) (awake) and severe hypothermia (27).
We studied the properties anti-hyperglycemic (28), anti-hyperlipidemic (29) and anti-glycation (30) fruits et seeds to die on rats diabetics.

Other experience uses : In L'industry food extracts to wet increases the stability chitosan nanoparticles (31) (32), but decreases their antifungal activity (4) in vitro (5).coating pre-harvest preserve the quality physical du p until storage, improves its capacity antioxidant and increases the Teneur in metabolites (33) secondary about fruits.
properties antioxidant and antifungals (4) of mouriller have been studied with a view to a use for the control of phytopathogens (34) of the Salt.

Chemicals : The thump to wet contains as tannins condensed (35): two procyanidols (36) trimers (trained of three parties similar), five procyanidols (36) dimers (trained by theassociation of two molecules, identical or not), and three procyanidols (36) monomers (cconstituted de molecules simple, and capable from combine to others molecules similar ou different for form un polymer). 
leaves to wet contain triterpenes (37) (betulinaldehyde, betulin, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, ursenaldehyde), sterols (38) (sitosterol, sitosterol glucoside), 4 amino acids (alanine, aspartic acid, proline, valine), 2 amino acids non-proteinogenic (39) (pipecolic acid, 5-hydroxypipecolic acid), flavonoids, catechol, epicatechol (40) (flavan-3-ol), quercetin (41), hyperoside (42).
We also isolated in its leaves and bark glycolipids (43).
Le Fort Saint André aroma de cheese fruity et France its fruits has been analyzed: it has for origin butanoateethyl (44) (fruity, sugar), ethyl hexanoate (45) (fruity), 1-octen-3-ol (46) (aroma de champignon), Thebutyric acid (butter France, cheese), hexanoic acid (47) (which gives the piquancy du cheese) and the alcohol phenylethyl (48) (floral).
The aroma de cheese butter et oily its seeds is linked and their Teneur en linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid et palmitic acid.
procyanidins, catechins and gallic acid were isolated in thebark to wet.