Wine : noun Wine is a alcoholic drink obtained by the fermentation du raisin, fruit full vine (Including Vitis vinifera). In Europe, according to the legal definition, wine is the product obtained exclusively by alcoholic fermentation, total or partial, of grapes frais, trampled or not, or musts of grapes. The transformation of grapes into wine is called winemaking. The study of wine is theoenology.
The great variety of wines existing in the world can be explained by the large number of terroirs, vines, modes of winemaking or types ofLivestock. So they can give red wines, roses ou whites, but also wines with a rate of residual sugar variant (dry or sweet), or a variant effervescence (quiet ou effervescent). Viticulture has colonized a large part of the world and many countries are wine producers. Consumption of wine carries health risks.
The Greek Peripatetic philosopher Theophrastus (-371 to -288), author of a Treatise on Drunkenness in the XNUMXrd century BC. AD, spoke about wine, and as the Catalan doctor Arnaud de Villeneuve did later, concocted a whole series of medicinal wines: Among the Greeks, wine was mixed in ancient times quite differently than today; in fact, we did not pour the water on the wine, but the wine on the water, in order to use a very soggy drink, so that after having drunk it, we were less eager for what could stay, and most of it was spent playing cottabe (a game of skill played at banquets).
A common Mediterranean core: The names of the wine, defined both in the Mediterranean and associated area and over time, come from a common linguistic theme where the V (or its variant W) and the N1 are found. The only exceptions in this linguistic area are Basque ardo N 2 and Hungarian bor: Which gave rise, in the languages of the main wine-producing countries, to the words vera (Albanian), Wein (German), wine (English), bin (Aragonese), գինի (guini) (Armenian), gwin (Breton), вино (vino) (Bulgarian and Russian), vi (Catalan), vino (Croatian, Spanish, Italian and Czech), vin (Occitan, Danish, French , Icelandic, Romanian and Swedish), vein (Estonian), viini (Finnish), viño (Galician), οίνος (modern Greek), wijn (Dutch), xwînî or wîn (Kurdish), vīns (Latvian), vynas (Lithuanian) , wino (Polish), vinho (Portuguese) and vinu (Corsican and Sardinian).
Similarities between the names of wine in the Kartvelian languages (e.g. in Georgian: ღვინო [ɣvinɔ]) and in the Indo-European and Semitic languages (*wayn) suggest the possibility of a common origin of the terms for wine in these linguistic families. A large number of linguists believe that we are dealing with a loan from Georgian gvin (in Georgian: ღვინო).
See as well Wine et Wine (slang synonym) under Mouth slang.
Quote from François Laroque in his Shakespeare Lovers' Dictionary (Éditions Plon, 2016): Wine: In the second part ofHenri IV, Shakespeare through the voice of the truculent Falstaff, who attacks the young Prince John, the brother of Prince Hal, delights us by indulging in a praise of wine that Rabelais would undoubtedly not have denied: "My word, this young piss-cold doesn't like me, but that's not surprising: he doesn't drink wine. These uptight types never do anything good, because drinking plain water cools their blood so much that they fall into a kind of languor and then, when they get married, they only have girls. A good sherry goes to your brain, it makes it alert, lively, inventive, full of fiery and delectable images, which, transmitted to the voice and the tongue, make excellent witticisms. The sherry illuminates the face, which, like the alarm fire, calls to arms, all the rest of this little kingdom, the man; and then the little people of vital spirits, all the small interior spirits gather around their captain, the heart, which, superb and puffed with pride, at having such an escort, undertakes the most courageous acts. Prince Harry is valiant, because the self-control which he naturally inherited from his father, he has, like thin and barren and bare earth, fertilized and plowed and cultivated, by the excellent application which he has to drink large swigs of a generous sherry, so that he became very ardent and valiant. If I had a thousand sons, the first human principle that I would instill in them would be to give up clairette libations and subscribe to Spanish wine.
Moreover, in Henry V, the Constable of France, for his part, is surprised by the ardor of these beer drinkers that are the English in the face of the relative passivity of the French whose blood should nevertheless be heated by wine.
In the eyes of the medicine of the time, wine was supposed to warm cold or phlegmatic moods and it was considered the supreme remedy. Don't we still say that Bordeaux is a wine for the sick? But as for Falstaff, the incarnation of cowardice, his abundant consumption of Spanish wine hardly seems likely to produce in him the results that he says he has observed in others...
Some other quotes about wine: